Armenian Heritage Timeline

Journey through the rich history of Armenian civilization, from ancient times to the present day

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4500 BC
Construction

Karahunj Observatory Built

One of the world's oldest known astronomical observatories is constructed, predating Stonehenge by millennia.

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Karahunj (Zorats Karer)

Syunik, Armenia

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3000 BC
Cultural

Areni Wine Production Begins

The earliest known winery is established at Areni-1 cave, making Armenia the birthplace of wine production.

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Areni-1 Cave

Vayots Dzor, Armenia

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782 BC
Construction

Erebuni Fortress Founded

King Argishti I of Urartu founds the fortress of Erebuni, which would later become the city of Yerevan.

77 AD
Construction

Garni Temple Constructed

The Hellenistic temple at Garni is built, the only standing Greco-Roman colonnaded structure in Armenia.

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Garni Temple

Kotayk, Armenia

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301 AD
Historical

Armenia Adopts Christianity

Armenia becomes the first nation to officially adopt Christianity as the state religion under King Tiridates III.

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Etchmiadzin Cathedral

Armavir, Armenia

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303 AD
Construction

Etchmiadzin Cathedral Founded

The Mother Cathedral of Holy Etchmiadzin is established, becoming the spiritual center of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

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Etchmiadzin Cathedral

Armavir, Armenia

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395 AD
Construction

St. Hripsime Church Built

The church dedicated to Saint Hripsime is constructed on the site of her martyrdom, becoming a masterpiece of early Armenian architecture.

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St. Hripsime Church

Armavir, Armenia

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405 AD
Cultural

Armenian Alphabet Created

Mesrop Mashtots creates the Armenian alphabet, enabling the translation of religious texts and preserving Armenian identity.

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Matenadaran

Yerevan, Armenia

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618 AD
Construction

Khor Virap Monastery Established

The monastery is built over the dungeon where Gregory the Illuminator was imprisoned for 13 years.

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Khor Virap Monastery

Ararat, Armenia

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643 AD
Construction

Zvartnots Cathedral Constructed

The magnificent Zvartnots Cathedral is built, representing the pinnacle of early medieval Armenian architecture.

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Zvartnots Cathedral

Armavir, Armenia

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653 AD
Construction

Amaras Monastery Expanded

Amaras Monastery, where Mesrop Mashtots first taught the Armenian alphabet, undergoes major expansion.

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Amaras Monastery

Artsakh, Azerbaijan

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915 AD
Destruction

Zvartnots Cathedral Destroyed

The great Zvartnots Cathedral collapses, likely due to an earthquake, leaving only ruins.

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Zvartnots Cathedral

Armavir, Armenia

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961 AD
Historical

Ani Becomes Capital

The city of Ani becomes the capital of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia, marking the beginning of a golden age.

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Ani Archaeological Site

Kars, Turkey

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966 AD
Construction

Haghpat Monastery Founded

Queen Khosrovanush founds Haghpat Monastery, which would become a major center of learning and culture.

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Haghpat Monastery

Lori, Armenia

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979 AD
Construction

Sanahin Monastery Complex Completed

The monastery complex at Sanahin reaches its architectural completion, becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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Sanahin Monastery

Lori, Armenia

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1001 AD
Construction

Ani Cathedral Consecrated

The magnificent Cathedral of Ani is completed and consecrated, a masterpiece of medieval Armenian architecture.

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Ani Archaeological Site

Kars, Turkey

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1064 AD
Destruction

Fall of Ani

The Byzantine Empire conquers Ani, beginning the decline of the medieval Armenian kingdom.

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Ani Archaeological Site

Kars, Turkey

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1105 AD
Construction

Goshavank Monastery Founded

Mkhitar Gosh founds the monastery that would bear his name, becoming a major medieval center of learning.

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Goshavank Monastery

Tavush, Armenia

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1205 AD
Construction

Noravank Monastery Construction Begins

Construction begins on Noravank, one of the most beautiful examples of Armenian medieval architecture.

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Noravank Monastery

Vayots Dzor, Armenia

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1215 AD
Construction

Geghard Monastery Founded

Construction begins on Geghard Monastery, which will become one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Armenia.

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Geghard Monastery

Kotayk, Armenia

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1216 AD
Construction

Gandzasar Monastery Completed

The Gandzasar Monastery is completed, becoming one of the most important religious sites in Artsakh.

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Gandzasar Monastery

Artsakh, Azerbaijan

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1291 AD
Cultural

Goshavank Khachkar Carved

The famous khachkar (cross-stone) at Goshavank is carved by master sculptor Poghos, considered one of the finest examples of khachkar art.

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Khachkar of Goshavank

Tavush, Armenia

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1319 AD
Destruction

Final Abandonment of Ani

After earthquakes and Mongol invasions, Ani is finally abandoned, ending its centuries as a major Armenian center.

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Ani Archaeological Site

Kars, Turkey

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1358 AD
Construction

Surp Khach Monastery Founded in Crimea

Armenian monks establish Surp Khach (Holy Cross) Monastery in Crimea, an important center of Armenian diaspora.

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Surp Khach Monastery (Crimea)

Crimea, Ukraine

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1461 AD
Cultural

Armenian Patriarchate Established

The Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople is established, becoming the center of Armenian life in the Ottoman Empire.

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Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople

Istanbul, Turkey

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1512 AD
Cultural

First Armenian Printed Book

The first book printed in the Armenian language is produced in Venice, marking a milestone in Armenian cultural history.

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San Lazzaro degli Armeni

Venice, Italy

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1606 AD
Construction

Vank Cathedral Construction Begins

Construction begins on Vank Cathedral in Isfahan, the center of the Armenian community in New Julfa, Persia.

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Vank Cathedral (Isfahan)

Isfahan, Iran

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1717 AD
Construction

San Lazzaro degli Armeni Established

The Armenian Mekhitarist monastery is established on San Lazzaro island in Venice, becoming a major center of Armenian scholarship.

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San Lazzaro degli Armeni

Venice, Italy

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1828 AD
Historical

Eastern Armenia Joins Russian Empire

Following the Russo-Persian War, Eastern Armenia becomes part of the Russian Empire, ending Persian rule.

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Etchmiadzin Cathedral

Armavir, Armenia

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1869 AD
Construction

Holy Martyrs Armenian Church Built in Paris

The first Armenian church in France is constructed in Paris, serving the growing Armenian diaspora community.

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Holy Martyrs Armenian Church (Paris)

Paris, France

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1915 AD
Destruction

Armenian Genocide Begins

The systematic extermination of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire begins, leading to the destruction of countless heritage sites.

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Tsitsernakaberd Memorial

Yerevan, Armenia

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Armenian Genocide Memorial (Montebello)

California, United States

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Deir ez-Zor Memorial Church

Deir ez-Zor, Syria

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Deir ez-Zor Armenian Genocide Memorial

Deir ez-Zor, Syria

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1918 AD
Historical

Battle of Sardarapat

Armenian forces defeat the Ottoman army at Sardarapat, preventing the complete annihilation of the Armenian nation.

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Sardarapat Memorial

Armavir, Armenia

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1920 AD
Historical

Armenian SSR Established

Armenia becomes a Soviet republic, beginning 70 years of Soviet rule that would preserve many heritage sites but suppress religious practice.

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Etchmiadzin Cathedral

Armavir, Armenia

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1921 AD
Destruction

Church of Holy Cross (Akdamar) Closed

The historic 10th-century Armenian Church of the Holy Cross on Akdamar Island is closed for worship under Turkish rule.

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Church of the Holy Cross (Akdamar Island)

Van, Turkey

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1933 AD
Construction

Armenian Opera Theatre Opens

The Armenian National Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet opens in Yerevan, becoming a cultural landmark.

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Armenian Opera Theatre

Yerevan, Armenia

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1939 AD
Destruction

Garni Temple Earthquake Damage

A devastating earthquake severely damages the ancient Garni Temple, leaving it in ruins.

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Garni Temple

Kotayk, Armenia

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1950 AD
Construction

Matenadaran Museum Founded

The Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (Matenadaran) opens, housing one of the world's richest collections of medieval manuscripts.

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Matenadaran

Yerevan, Armenia

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1967 AD
Construction

Tsitsernakaberd Memorial Built

The Armenian Genocide Memorial is constructed in Yerevan to commemorate the victims of the 1915 genocide.

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Tsitsernakaberd Memorial

Yerevan, Armenia

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1968 AD
Construction

Mother Armenia Statue Erected

The Mother Armenia monument is erected in Yerevan's Victory Park, symbolizing peace through strength.

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Mother Armenia Statue

Yerevan, Armenia

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1975 AD
Construction

Garni Temple Reconstructed

The Garni Temple is fully reconstructed using anastylosis, restoring this Hellenistic gem to its former glory.

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Garni Temple

Kotayk, Armenia

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1991 AD
Historical

Armenian Independence

Armenia declares independence from the Soviet Union, beginning a new era of national revival and heritage preservation.

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Etchmiadzin Cathedral

Armavir, Armenia

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1996 AD
Construction

Dadivank Monastery Restored

Major restoration work begins on Dadivank Monastery, one of the most significant Armenian monasteries in Artsakh.

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Dadivank Monastery

Artsakh, Azerbaijan

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2000 AD
Cultural

Haghpat and Sanahin UNESCO Listed

The monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin are inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, recognizing their universal value.

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Haghpat Monastery

Lori, Armenia

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Sanahin Monastery

Lori, Armenia

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2005 AD
Construction

Deir ez-Zor Memorial Church Completed

The Armenian Genocide Martyrs' Memorial Church is completed in Deir ez-Zor, Syria, at the site of mass graves.

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Deir ez-Zor Memorial Church

Deir ez-Zor, Syria

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2010 AD
Cultural

Akdamar Church Reopened

After 95 years, the Church of the Holy Cross on Akdamar Island holds its first religious service since 1915.

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Church of the Holy Cross (Akdamar Island)

Van, Turkey

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2014 AD
Cultural

Ani UNESCO World Heritage Site

The archaeological site of Ani is inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its importance to Armenian heritage.

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Ani Archaeological Site

Kars, Turkey

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2015 AD
Cultural

Genocide Centennial Commemoration

Armenia and the global Armenian diaspora commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide with events worldwide.

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Tsitsernakaberd Memorial

Yerevan, Armenia

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2020 AD
Destruction

Artsakh Heritage Sites at Risk

Following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, numerous Armenian heritage sites in Artsakh face uncertain futures.

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Dadivank Monastery

Artsakh, Azerbaijan

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Gandzasar Monastery

Artsakh, Azerbaijan

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Amaras Monastery

Artsakh, Azerbaijan

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Timeline Statistics

26
Construction Events
6
Historical Events
9
Cultural Events
53
Connected Sites